Hoʻopili Kekahi Alahele Kapakai I Kēia Mau Mea Maʻi I Ka Hoʻomaʻemaʻe Koko ʻIa ʻAna. Hiki I Ka Hoʻohuli Aniau Ke Hoʻopilikia I Kēlā
This story was produced with support from the USC Annenberg Center for Health Journalism’s 2022 Impact Fund for Reporting on Health Equity and Health Systems.
Other stories by her include:
Native Hawaiians Face High Rates of Diabetes. That Means More Need for Dialysis
State Rules Make It Harder To Open Dialysis Centers In Hawaii
Why In-Home Dialysis Is Becoming A More Popular Option In Hawaii
HONOLULU CIVIL BEAT
Kā ka luna hoʻoponopono nota: Unuhi ʻia na Ākea Kahikina. Click here to read this article in English.
E kū ana ʻo Elizabeth Kaleo ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke alanui kokoke i kona hale ma Hauʻula a kani kāna kelepona, ua mō ka maluhia o ke kakahiaka ma Oʻahu nei. Ua kaomi ʻo ia i kahi pihi ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ua ʻōlelo kahi leo i oki ʻē ʻia.
“ʻO kēia ka Handi-Van,” wahi a ka leo oki me ka haʻi ʻana aku, e hōʻea pono mai ana kona kaʻa i 10 mau minuke. “E ʻoluʻolu, e kū me ka hoʻomanawanui ma ka wahi eʻe kaʻa.”
Ua kaomi ʻo Kaleo i ka helu 1 e hōʻoia i kona mākaukau. Aia kēlā ma ka hola ʻewalu o ke kakahiaka, a ua kū ʻē ʻo ia me ka hoʻomanawanui no hoʻokahi hapalua hola, a kaukaʻi ʻo ia i ko Honolulu polokalamu lawe kanaka ʻana e lawe aku iā ia i kona hālāwai hoʻomaʻemake koko i 21 mile aku.
He 63 makahiki o kēia wahine, a ua hoʻomaka aku nei ʻo ia i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe koko ʻia ʻana mai ka lā ma hope o ka lā Kalikimaka aku, akā naʻe, ua hele a maʻamau kēia hana.
No ʻekolu mau manawa i kēlā me kēia pule, ala ʻo ia ma ka hola ʻelima o ke kakahiaka e hoʻomākaukau i ka ʻaina kakahiaka a hoʻomākaukau hoʻi no kona hoʻomaʻemaʻe koko ʻia ʻana, a he ʻehā hola ka lōʻihi o ia hana. Hoʻomaka ka hālāwai ma ka hola ʻumi o ke kakahiaka, akā hoʻāʻo naʻe ʻo ia e hiki mikiʻala i hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaka mikiʻala inā he hakahaka ko laila.
Noho ʻo Kaleo ma ka hope o ke kaʻa ʻōhua ma ke kalaiwa hema ʻana he hola ma o ke ala ʻololī pālua ʻo Kamehameha Highway. Hele kīkeʻekiʻe ke kaʻa ʻōhua ma o ke kapakai o Koʻolau, lewalewa nā ao uliuli me he hōʻailona ʻino lā i luna ma ko Kaleo nānā ʻana i kāna kelepona a me kona nānā ʻana i ka hiʻona ʻāina ma kapakai. Hoʻokū ʻia ka holo mau ʻana o ke kaʻa ʻōhua e ke kiʻi ʻana i nā ʻōhua ʻē aʻe, e laʻa nā mea maʻi hoʻomaʻemaʻe koko ʻē aʻe.
I loko nō o kona hiki ʻana ke holo penei i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole ana nō paha pēlā.
Eʻe ʻo Elizabeth Kaleo i ka Handi-Van ma hope o ka hoʻopau ʻia ʻana o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe koko ʻia.
ʻO ka wai honua e piʻi ana, ʻo ia ka mea e ʻaʻai nei i ke alanui ma o ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻilikai ma muli o ka hoʻohuli aniau, wahi a Chip Fletcher, ʻo ia ka dini kūikawā no ka School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology ma ke Kulanui o Hawaiʻi ma Mānoa. ʻO ka hū ʻino a me ke kai piʻi loa, ʻo ia nā mea e hālana pinepine i nā māhele o ke alahele kapakai, a ʻo ka pani kūikawā ʻia akula nō ia o ke alahele.
Ua kuhi ʻo Fletcher a me nā mea noiʻi ʻē aʻe i noiʻi i ke alahele, hiki ke piholo kekahi mau māhele ma ka makahiki 2050, a hāpai ʻia nā nīnau e pili ana i ka hiki ʻana o nā kamaʻāina ke loaʻa nā mea e like me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe koko ʻia ʻana. Ke noʻonoʻo nei ʻo Kahuku Medical Center e kūkulu i kikowaena hoʻomaʻemaʻe koko, akā he mau ālaina ke kumu kūʻai pipiʻi loa a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana e hoʻolohi aku he mau makahiki i ka wehe ʻia ʻana, i loko nō o kona kūkulu ʻia ʻana.
ʻO State Rep. Sean Quinlan, ʻo ia ka mea nāna e kū no kekahi māhele o ko Koʻolauloa mau kaiāulu, e laʻa ʻo Hauʻula, lana kona manaʻo, e ʻōʻili koke ana kahi haʻina.
“He pilikia nui kēia, a hoʻonui ʻia kēlā e ka pani pinepine ʻia ʻana o kēlā alahele. Mau nō ka pani ʻia ʻana o ua alahele nei ke ʻino ke anilā,” wahi āna.
He Pilikia Lawe Kanaka I Pili Nohona
Ma ka makahiki 2019, ua hoʻolaha ka Hawaiʻi Department of Transportation i kahi hōʻike no ka pāloli o nā alahele kapakai ma muli o ka piʻi ʻilikai, ka ʻaʻai ʻāina a me ka hoʻohuli aniau. ʻO ka ʻāpana o ke alahele i pili i ko Kaleo kauhale ma Hauʻula, ʻo ia ka helu ʻekahi ma ka papahelu o nā alahele ma o ka mokuʻāina e pono ai ka hoʻoponopono ʻia ʻana.
E hoʻāʻo ana ka mokuʻāina e hoʻoikaika i ke alahele me ka hoʻopihapiha ʻana i ke kīmeki a me ke kīpaipai ʻana ma o nā ʻeke pōhaku Kyowa, a mau nō ko lākou ʻimi ʻana i nā haʻina no ka wā lōʻihi. ʻAʻole loa kēia ke alahele wale nō e pilikia nei – kuhi ka mokuʻāina, he $15 biliona nō paha ke kumu kūʻai no ke kiaʻi pono ʻana i ko Hawaiʻi mau ala a pau ma muli o ka ʻaʻai kapakai.
ʻŌlelo ʻo Fletcher, ke piʻi ke kai, e hoʻopilikia ʻia nā kaiāulu kapakai e like me ko Kaleo i kahi “pilikia lawe kanaka i pili nohona.”
ʻO nā ʻeke ʻupena nui o nā pōhaku ma o Kamehameha Highway ma Hauʻula, ʻo ia ka mea e kiaʻi i ke alanui ma ka piʻi kai ʻana.
“ʻIke ʻē mākou i nā māhele nui o kēlā alanui e hoʻopilikia ʻia nei e ka ʻaʻai kapakai. Ke ʻino ka makani koʻolau a piʻi ke kai, ʻike mākou i ka wai hālana ma ke alanui,” wahi āna. “Me ke kuhi ʻana i ka piʻi ʻana aʻe o ka ʻilikai, e hoʻonui aʻe ana nō ka ʻino o kēia kūlana.”
Kuhi ʻo Fletcher, e mahuʻi ʻia ka piʻi ʻilikai ʻana he kapuaʻi ma ka waena o kēia kenekulia. Inā piʻi he hapa kapuaʻi, kuhi nā mea noiʻi, he 80% ka pāhiki no ka ʻaʻai ʻokoʻa ʻia ʻana o ke alahele e pono ai ko Kaleo hele ʻana.
“Inā ʻaʻohe hana hoʻoponopono, e lilo ana nō kēlā mau alahele,” wahi a Fletcher.
Ke piʻi ka ʻilikai, hiki i ka ʻaʻai ke ālai i nā kamaʻāina ma ke kalaiwa ʻākau a me ke kalaiwa hema ʻana no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe koko ʻia ʻana a me ke kipa ʻana i ka ʻāina ʻē aʻe.
“Ma o kēia mau kekeke ʻekolu aʻe, he pono ke koho ʻana i ka hoʻomau a me ka hoʻomau ʻole ʻana i ka noho ʻana o kēlā alahele hoʻokahi,” wahi a Fletcher. “A i ʻole, e noʻonoʻo hou ana paha kākou i ka hiki ʻana o kēia mau kaiāulu ke hele ma laila.”
He Kikowaena Hoʻomaʻemaʻe Koko Hou
Wahi a ʻAtalina Pasi, ʻo kahi haʻina ke kūkulu ʻana i kikowaena hoʻomaʻemaʻe koko i kokoke iā Hauʻula e huakaʻi loa ʻole ai nā mea maʻi. Ua hānai ʻia ʻo Pasi i ʻeono mile ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Hauʻula ma Kahuku, a he ʻohana Polenekia nui kona.
ʻO kona makuakāne, ʻo ia kekahi o nā keiki he 13, akā, ma hope o ko Pasi hemo kulanui ʻana, ua hala kona mau pōkiʻi he ʻelima ma muli o nā pilikia i pili i ka mimikō ma o kekahi wā he ʻekolu makahiki.
Ma kona lilo ʻana i laekahi olakino nui kanaka, ua ʻike ʻo ia, ʻaʻole pili nā pilikia olakino i kona ʻohana wale nō. Pilikia kekahi helu nui o nā poʻe ʻŌiwi Pakipika i ka mimikō, a no nā mea maʻi loa, lilo ka maʻi i mea ʻaʻai i ke ola, e hoʻopilikia ʻia ka mea e ʻai ʻia, ka wahi e hana ai, a me ke ʻano o ka hana i hiki ke hana ʻia.
“Ma ke ʻano he limahana olakino kaiāulu, ua wehe ʻia koʻu mau maka i kēia kaiāulu a me ka mālama pono ʻole ʻia ʻana, ke kū pono ʻole ʻia ʻana, a me ka nele ʻana i nā waiwai ʻole,” wahi āna. “Kūnalohia mākou i ko Honolulu.”
Hoʻomanawanui ʻo Elizabeth Kaleo i kona kaʻa no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe koko ʻia ma Kāneʻohe.
ʻIʻini ʻo Pasi, hiki i kona mau hoa noho he mea maʻi ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe koko ʻia i ma loko o ko lākou mau kaiāulu ponoʻī. Pēlā pū me Quinlan, ʻo ia kāna luna makaʻāinana mokuʻāina.
“Ma o nā makahiki i hala, ua hoʻāʻo wau e kūkulu i kikowaena hoʻomaʻemaʻe koko ma Koʻolauloa,” wahi āna. “ʻO ka pane i loaʻa mai iaʻu nei penei, ʻaʻole holo pono ka hoʻokele waiwai. No kekahi kumu, ʻaʻole lawa kā lākou kālā, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke uku.”
Hoʻomanaʻo ʻo Quinlan i kona hoʻolohe ʻana i kahi hōʻike na Hawaiian Electric Co. ma Kahuku e pili ana i ka hiki ʻana o kahi ʻino nui ke hoʻopau uila ma ke kaiāulu no hoʻokahi mahina.
“Inā he hanana makani nui ko mākou, a hina nā pou uila, e hala ana kekahi mau lā ma mua o ka wehe hou ʻia ʻana i ko mākou ala, a hala kekahi mau pule ma mua o ka loaʻa uila ʻana iā makou,” wahi āna. “He pilikia nui kēlā iaʻu, hiki iā makou ke ālai ʻia e ka makani a me ke anilā a ʻaʻole hiki i ke kanaka ke loaʻa ka lapaʻau mālama ola iā lākou.”
Koi ʻIa Kahi Kauka Hakuʻala
ʻO Pliny Arenas, ʻo ia ka mea e nānā ana iā Hawaiʻi no U.S. Renal Care, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia, ke hoʻonui pālua nei ka hui ʻoihana i ka helu o kā lākou mau kikowaena hoʻomaʻemaʻe koko ma o ka mokuʻāina, akā ʻaʻole nā kaiāulu no Koʻolauloa ma ka papahelu.
Pono ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi kauka hakuʻala i kēlā me kēia kikowaena hoʻomaʻemaʻe koko, wahi a Arenas, akā ʻaʻole ʻo ia kamaʻāina i kahi kauka hakuʻala ma kēlā ʻāina i hiki ke alakaʻi i ka pono lako. ʻO ka nele ʻana o ke kauka ʻole, ʻo ia ke kumu no ko lākou kūkulu ʻole ʻana i pono lako ma laila.
“ʻO ia ke kumu hoʻokahi,” wahi a Arenas.
ʻO Fresenius Kidney Care, ʻo ia ka mea e mālama ana i nā kikowaena hoʻomaʻemaʻe koko ʻo Liberty, ua ʻaelike lākou i ko Arenas hopohopo ʻana i ka nele i ke kauka hakuʻala ʻole. Ua hōʻole ka hui ʻoihana i ka hāpai manaʻo no ke kūkulu ʻana kokoke i Hauʻula, akā ua kālele lākou, ʻo ke kōkua ʻana i nā mea maʻi e loaʻa ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe koko ʻia ʻana a me ka hoʻoili hakuʻala ma ka hale, ʻo ia kahi haʻina no ka pilikia lawe kanaka.
ʻO Alan MacPhee, ʻo ia ka luna hoʻokō no Kahuku Medical Center, ʻōlelo ʻo ia nei, ua noʻonoʻo ka haukapila i ke kūkulu ʻana i kikowaena hoʻomaʻemaʻe koko ma ka makahiki 2015, akā ua waiho ʻia ka hoʻolālā ma muli o ka hopohopo ʻana i ka hana wai pelapela.
I ʻeono mau mahina aku nei, ua nānā hou ka hui ʻoihana i ka hoʻolālā ma hope o ke aʻo ʻana mai i kahi mīkini hoʻomaʻemaʻe koko hou e hoʻohana i ka wai he hapalua ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mīkini hoʻomaʻemaʻe koko maʻamau. He hālāwai ko MacPhee i mau pule aʻe me kekahi hui ʻoihana mālama hoʻomaʻemaʻe koko no ka hoʻomaopopo leʻa ʻana i nā mea e pono ai ke kūkulu ʻana i keʻena hoʻomaʻemaʻe koko e mālama mea maʻi ma loko, kekahi keʻena e mālama mea maʻi ma waho, a i ʻole kekahi polokalamu e kōkua ʻia ai nā mea maʻi e hoʻomaʻemaʻe koko ma ka hale.
ʻElua makahiki a ʻoi e pono ai ke kūkulu kikowaena hoʻomaʻemaʻe koko, wahi a kā MacPhee kuhi ʻana me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ke koina o ka hoʻāpono ʻana a ka mokuʻāina a me ka wā hoʻolālā. Pono kona ʻimi ʻana i kauka hakuʻala nāna ka mea e alakaʻi ma laila. Akā, paʻa kona manaʻo i ke koi — ma ka makahiki 2015, he 80 mea maʻi mai Haleʻiwa i Kaʻaʻwa e hele ana i Kahuku Medical Center no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe koko ʻia ʻana, a he 130 ko laila i kēia manawa. ʻO ka hapanui he Kanaka Maoli a he poʻe Pakipika, wahi a MacPhee.
“ʻO kēia kahi mea e koi nui ʻia ma ʻaneʻi,” wahi āna.
He nīnau hoʻi ko laila no ka uku kālā — he kaʻina hana ko nā kikowaena hoʻomaʻemaʻe koko me nā kālā he mau miliona. Inā holomua ka hoʻolālā, kuhi ʻo MacPhee, e noi ana ka haukapila i ka ʻAhaʻōlelo i $5 miliona no ke kākoʻo ʻia ʻana.
He noi paʻakikī nō paha ia, wahi a Quinlan me ke kuhi ʻana i ka hāʻawi ʻē ʻia ʻana o Kahuku Medical Center i mau miliona mai ka mokuʻāina mai. ʻAelike pū naʻe ʻo MacPhee lāua ʻo Quinlan, he pono ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi kikowaena hoʻomaʻemaʻe koko.
“ʻAʻohe kanaka ma ke kaiāulu e makemake ʻole i kahi kikowaena hoʻomaʻemaʻe koko,” wahi a Quinlan. “He nīnau ia no ka hoʻopaʻa kālā a me ka ʻimi ʻana i ka hui kūpono.”
ʻE Lawe Aku Hou Ana Ke Kai I Kēlā’
Makemake ʻo MacPhee e holomua me ka hoʻomaka ʻana i polokalamu e kōkua i nā kānaka e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ko lākou koko ponoʻī ma ka hale. Ua noʻonoʻo ʻo Kaleo i kēlā ma kona wā e maʻi ana ma kēlā Kēkēmapa aku nei. Akā, ua makaʻu ʻo ia i ke kuhihewa ʻana a me kona hoʻohana ponoʻī ʻana i ka mīkini. Ma o ka hele keʻena ʻana, ʻike ʻo ia, e hana pololei ʻia ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe koko ʻana.
ʻAʻole ʻo ia ukiuki i ke kalaiwa loa ʻana — hoʻolohe ʻo ia i ka mele ma YouTube, kelekiko ʻo ia, a heluhelu ʻo ia e hoʻopau manawa. Ma mua, ua hele ʻo ia i kekahi kikowaena hoʻomaʻemake koko me ka mamao he hapalua hola mai kona hale mai, akā ʻaʻohe noho ma laila ma ka lā nui a hoʻi hale ʻo ia ma ka hola 1o o ke ahiahi, no laila, ua koho ʻo ia i kahi kikowaena ma Kāneʻohe. I loko nō o ka huakaʻi he hola i kēlā me kēia hele ʻana, he makepono nō ia iā ia inā hiki iā ia ke hoʻi hale ma ka hola ʻehā o ke ahiahi.
ʻAʻole i hala kekahi hālāwai iā Kaleo ma muli o ke anilā ʻino mai kona hele ʻana i Kēkēmapa. Akā, ma kona holo ʻana, ʻike ʻo ia i nā ʻeke pōhaku e moe ana ma kapakai e emi ai ka ʻaʻai, a ʻōlelo ʻo ia, he ʻike kona i ka lapuwale o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana.
“ʻAʻohe mea e kāohi i ke kai ma ka lawe hou ʻana aku i kahi mea,” wahi āna.” E lawe aku ana nō ke kai i kēlā mea.”
ʻAʻole paʻa kona manaʻo i ka mea e hana ana inā lilo ke alahele a me ka lā e hana ʻia ai pēlā, a i ʻole kāna hana ma kēlā wā. ʻAʻole ʻo ia e haʻalele iā Hauʻula. ʻAʻole ʻo ia makemake e noho i kahi keʻena noho ma Honolulu i loaʻa ʻole ka pā hale e mamao loa ai kona mau hoa a me nā hoa noho i kamaʻāina loa iā ia ma kona ola holoʻokoʻa.
Ua haʻi ʻia ʻo ia i kēlā mahina aku nei, ua kau ʻia kona inoa ma ka papahelu hoʻoili hakuʻala, a ke lana nei kona manaʻo, hiki iā ia ke hoʻoili i ʻelua hakuʻala a ʻo ke koi ʻole akula nō ia i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe koko ʻia ʻana.
“Pule wau i ko Ke Akua mālama ʻana i kēlā. Hoʻomanawanui kekahi mau kānaka no nā makahiki he nui,” wahi āna. “A noho paʻa lākou ma ka papahelu hoʻomanawanui a ʻaʻole lākou e komo.”
A hiki i kēlā manawa, e ʻai pono ana ʻo ia, e ʻai ʻo ia i kona lāʻau lapaʻau, a hele ʻo ia i kona mau hālāwai hoʻomaʻemaʻe koko a pau. Inā pono kona eʻe ʻana i kaʻa ʻōhua e kalaiwa ʻākau ana a holo a puni ka mokupuni no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe koko ʻia, he ʻae kona e hana pēlā.
“ʻŌlelo lākou, ʻaʻole hiki ke hele ʻole i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe koko ʻia,” wahi āna. “E hele ʻoe, a mea ʻole kāu hola e hōʻea aku ai.”
Ua hoʻopuka ʻia kēia moʻolelo ma o ke kākoʻo ʻia ʻana e ka USC Annenberg Center for Health Journalism’s 2022 Impact Fund no ke kūkala nūhou ʻana i ke Kaulike Olakino a me nā ʻŌnaehana Olakino, a me kahi kākoʻo Civil Beat ʻo Dr. Mary Therese Perez Hattori.
[This article was originally published by Honolulu Civil Beat.]
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